A. MENULIS PENGENALAN:

1. Tulis dan ubah perkataan daripada kunci kata soalan pertama sahaja. (tidak boleh ada perkataan ‘dan’ dalam pengenalan.

2. Mengubah maksud perkataan kunci kata pertama soalan:
* faktor = punca = sebab = penyebab = perkara yang mempengaruhi
* langkah = inisiatif = cara = kaedah = tindakan
* kesan = implikasi = kebaikan = keburukan = kesan positif = kesan negatif
* ciri = sifat = bentuk
* masalah = halangan = cabaran = kekangan

3. Contoh:
1. Rumuskan langkah-langkah mengatasi hakisan tanah dan faedahnya kepada masyarakat.

Pengenalan rumusan :
Rencana membincangkan cara-cara mengatasi hakisan tanah.

2. Buat satu rumusan tentang faktor yang menyebabkan berlakunya banjir kilat di kawasan Bandar dan implikasinya kepada pembangunan di kawasan Bandar tersebut.

Pengenalan rumusan :
Petikan membincangkan punca-punca yang menyebabkan berlakunya banjir kilat di kawasan Bandar.

3. Rumuskan ciri-ciri yang terdapat di dalam diri seorang pelajar cemerlang dan langkah melahirkan pelajar cemerlang. Panjang rumusan hendaklah tidak lebih 120 patah perkataan.

Pengenalan rumusan :
Rencana membincangkan sifat-sifat yang terdapat di dalam diri seorang pelajar cemerlang.

4. Baca petikan di bawah dan buat satu rumusan tentang kepentingan sektor pertanian kepada Negara kita dan langkah untuk memajukan sektor pertanian negara. Panjang karangan mestilah tidak melebihi 120 patah perkataan.

Pengenalan rumusan :
Rencana tersebut membincangkan faedah sektor pertanian kepada Negara.

5. Buat satu rumusan tentang keburukan makanan ringan kepada kanak-kanak dan cara-cara untuk mencegahnya. Panjang rumusan anda hendaklah tidak melebihi 120 patah perkataan.

Pengenalan rumusan :
Rencana tersebut membincangkan kesan negatif makanan ringan kepada kanak-kanak.


B. MENULIS ISI TERSURAT:

1. Isi jawapan berdasarkan kunci kata soalan yang pertama. (gunakan kunci kata dalam soalan. Jangan ubah)
2. Isi hanya yang terdapat dalam petikan sahaja.
3. Beri maksimum 6 isi. (Jumlah isi tersurat dan tersirat ialah 8 isi)
4. Jika kurang isi tersurat, jangan panik. Tambah isi tersirat anda.
5. Jika jumlah perkataan masih kurang 120 perkataan, anda digalakkan tambah isi tersurat.
6. Pastikan maksimum 2 isi dalam satu ayat. SEBAIK-BAIKNYA 1 isi dalam I ayat.
7. Gunakan penanda wacana untuk menggabungkan setiap ayat.

8. Contoh penggunaan ayat:

Contoh 1: Rumusan yang baik.(Katakanlah faktor banjir kilat)

-Faktor utama yang menyebabkan banjir kilat ialah keadaan longkang yang tersumbat.
-Selain itu, faktor yang lain termasuklah kurangnya kadar serapan air di kawasan bandar.
-Sementara itu, hujan lebat yang berterusan juga turut menjadi faktor fenomena tersebut.
-Terdapat juga faktor kurangnya sistem perangkap sampah di kawasan sungai berhampiran.
-Di samping itu, kekurangan tumbuhan di bandar menyebabkan banjir kilat terjadi.
-Faktor penyebab yang terakhir ialah hakisan tanah yang dihasilkan oleh pembinaan di Bandar.

Contoh 2 : Rumusan kurang baik. (akan ditolak 1 markah bahasa)

-Faktor pertama yang menyebabkan banjir kilat ialah keadaan longkang yang sempit.
-Faktor kedua ialah kurangnya kadar serapan di kawasan bandar.
-Faktor ketiga ialah hujan lebat yang berterusan di bandar.
-Faktor keempat ialah kekurangan tumbuhan di bandar.
-Faktor terakhir ialah hakisan tanah dari kawasan pembinaan.

9. JANGAN gunakan perkataan ‘harus/ patut/ mesti/ wajib/ hendaklah/ wajarlah’ dan lain-lain yang berbentuk cadangan. (Tiada markah diberi jika perkataan ini digunakan)
Salah : Langkah mengatasinya ialah kerajaan harus menguatkuasakankan undang-undang.
Sepatutnya : Langkah mengatasinya ialah kerajaan menguatkuasakan undang-undang.

Salah : Selain itu, kerajaan harus mengenakan denda yang tinggi kepada pesalah trafik.
Sepatutnya : Selain itu kerajaan mengenakan denda yang tinggi kepada pesalah trafik.

10. Contoh :
Contoh 1 :Rumuskan faktor kemalangan jalan raya dan langkah mengatasinya.

"Kemalangan jalan raya kerap berlaku di lebuh raya. Hal ini telah banyak menyebabkan kehilangan nyawa dan kerugian harta benda. Kejadian seperti ini perlu dibendung dan sikap orang ramai menjadikan jalan raya sebagai tempat berlumba-lumba harus disekat. "

Isi tersurat :
-Faktor yang menyebabkan berlakunya kemalangan jalan raya ialah sikap orang ramai menjadikan jalan raya sebagai tempat berlumba-lumba.

Contoh 2 : Rumuskan kesan-kesan kemajuan teknologi kepada negara dan masalah yang dihadapi.

"Banyak kemajuan tercapai apabila manusia memperkenalkan sains dan teknologi. Pelbagai jenis ciptaan turut dihasilkan sehingga menyebabkan tugas yang dilaksanakan oleh orang ramai menjadi lebih mudah."

Isi tersurat :
- Selain itu, kesan kemajuan teknologi kepada negara ialah tugas yang dijalankan oleh orang ramai menjadi lebih mudah.

Contoh 3 : Rumuskan ciri-ciri tanaman kontan di negara kita dan kepentingannya.

"Antara tanaman kontan tersebut termasuklah getah dan kelapa sawit. Tanaman ini banyak ditanam di sini kerana tanah lateritnya yang subur. Hasil tanaman ini adalah digunakan untuk jualan yang memberi keuntungan kepada negara."

Isi tersurat :
- Ciri-ciri pertanian kontan yang lain termasuklah digunakan sebagai jualan bagi memberi keuntungan kepada negara.

Contoh 4 : Rumuskan kesan negatif kafe siber dalam kalangan remaja dan langkah mengatasinya.

"Umum mengetahui perkembangan kafe siber begitu pesat sehingga seperti cendawan tumbuh. Banyak pihak berpendapat bahawa perkembangan ini amat wajar bagi meningkatkan kemajuan IT dalam kalangan penduduk. Namun segelintir kecil menentangnya dengan alasan bahawa tempat ini akan menjadi tempat berkembangnya gejala sosial dalam kalangan remaja. "

Isi tersurat :
- Kesan negatif yang terakhir ialah kafe siber akan menjadi tempat berkembangnya masalah sosial dalam kalangan masyarakat.


C. MENULIS ISI TERSIRAT:

1. Berdasarkan kunci kata soalan yang kedua.
2. Isi bahagian ini perlu anda fikir sendiri dan bukan diambil dari petikan juga.
3. Jika isi tersirat yang anda fikirkan sudah ada dalam petikan juga, jangan ambil sebagai isi anda.
4. Penggunaan ayat dan penanda wacana adalah sama dengan isi tersurat.
5. Jumlah minimum ialah 2 isi tetapi jika isi tersurat kurang, bahagian isi ini perlu ditambah.
6. JANGAN gunakan perkataan ‘harus/ patut/ mesti/ wajib/ hendaklah/ wajarlah’ dan lain-lain yang berbentuk cadangan. (Tiada markah diberi jika perkataan ini digunakan)

7. Contoh :
Contoh 1 : Rumuskan kesan-kesan kemajuan teknologi kepada negara dan masalah yang dihadapi.

"Banyak kemajuan tercapai apabila manusia memperkenalkan sains dan teknologi. Pelbagai jenis ciptaan turut dihasilkan sehingga menyebabkan tugas yang dilaksanakan oleh orang ramai menjadi lebih mudah."

Isi tersirat :
- Masalah yang dihadapi dalam menyebarkan kemajuan teknologi ialah kekurangan pakar yang mampu memberi perkhidmatan dalam bidang ini kerana masih baru di negara kita.

Contoh 2 : Rumusan tentang kepentingan sektor pertanian kepada negara kita dan langkah untuk memajukannya.

Isi tersirat :
-Langkah untuk memajukan sektor pertanian yang seterusnya ialah kerajaan memberi kemudahan subsidi baja kepada para petani.

Contoh 3 : Rumuskan faktor kemalangan jalan raya dan langkah mengatasinya.

"Kemalangan jalan raya kerap berlaku di lebuh raya. Hal ini telah banyak menyebabkan kehilangan nyawa dan kerugian harta benda. Kejadian seperti ini perlu dibendung dan sikap orang ramai menjadikan jalan raya sebagai tempat berlumba-lumba harus disekat."

Isi tersirat :
- Langkah mengatasi kemalangan jalan raya yang terakhir adalah dengan menguatkuasakan undang-undang jalan raya kepada pemandu yang menyalahi peraturan di jalan raya.

Contoh 4 : Rumusan tentang keburukan makanan ringan kepada kanak-kanak dan cara-cara untuk mencegahnya.

Isi tersirat :
- Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, langkah lain ialah ibu bapa memberi didikan agar anak-anak memilih makanan yang seimbang.


D. MENULIS PENUTUP / ULASAN:

1. 3 aspek perlu ditulis iaitu:
i. siapa bertindak ii. apa tindakan iii. tujuan tindakan
2. Ayat mesti mengandungi perkataan berikut:
i. Kesimpulannya / Oleh itu / Justeru / Maka / Jadi
ii. harus / patutlah / mestilah / wajarlah / harus / patut
iii. supaya / agar
3. Ayat seharusnya berbunyi begini :

Contoh 1 :
Kesimpulannya, (siapa bertindak) harus (apa tindakan) agar (tujuan tindakan).

Contoh 2 :
Oleh itu, (siapa bertindak) harus (apa tindakan) agar (tujuan tindakan).

4. Contoh jawapan ulasan rumusan anda:
Contoh 1 :
Rumuskan faktor penyalahgunaan dadah dan langkah membanterasnya.

Ulasan rumusan:
Kesimpulannya, kerajaan dan masyarakat harus berganding bahu agar masalah penyalahgunaan dadah dapat diatasi.

Contoh 2 :
Buat rumusan tentang ciri makanan seimbang dan kebaikan makanan tersebut.

Ulasan rumusan:
Oleh itu, ibu bapa harus mendidik anak-anak mereka agar bijak memilih makanan yang seimbang.

Contoh 3 :
Rumuskan inisiatif untuk menggalakkan pelajar membaca dan masalah yang dihadapi.

Ulasan rumusan:
Oleh hal yang demikian, para pelajar patut bijak memilih buku yang dibaca agar mendapat pengetahuan yang berfaedah.

Contoh 4 :
Rumuskan faedah penggunaan Bahasa Inggeris dalam sains dan matematik serta permasalahannya.

Ulasan rumusan:
Kesimpulannya, para pelajar haruslah menggunakan bahasa Inggeris dalam pembelajaran mata pelajaran tersebut agar mutu bahasa Inggeris mereka dapat dipertingkatkan.

Many of us have complained frequently about our seemingly poor memory. If you're a student, I'm sure you've encountered instances where you had missed out on that 'A' grade just because you failed to recall Newton's Law of Gravitation or some other crucial information. If you're a business executive, you surely would have been through situations in which you just could not remember the name of this CEO or President of another company - and hence lost out on that lucrative contract. Or if you're a housewife, it's likely that there are times when you forgot what was on your shopping list. Was it chocolate milk or strawberry milk which your son wanted?

Thankfully, all of us - yes, you included - have an infinite memory that even supercomputers can't rival. Did I hear you say, "Yeah, right."? It really is true that you've an excellent memory - it's just that you may not know (yet) how to maximize it and use your natural talent properly.

So what is memory? Memory can be simply defined as the linking of new ideas to something that you already know. For most people who have not been trained in memory techniques, this linking process is purely a subconscious one. When the links are strong, you remember the information easily. What is it that makes the links strong and your memory infallible? They are the principles and techniques of memory. These principles and techniques are the reasons why you have not been able to tap on the full potential of your memory in the past, if you do not use them at all when remembering information. Moreover, the information fed to you from our environment may not have not been stored in an orderly way for retrieval. To develop your memory, you’ll need to develop well-arranged index systems in your minds.

By applying all the principles of memory and storing the information using structured systems, anyone can develop a super memory.

What does memory involves? The remembering of anything involves 3 processes: Registration, Retention, and Recall.

Firstly, external stimuli must be registered in your brain. Then, they must be stored effectively and in an orderly arrangement, hence 'retention'. Lastly, to remember what you’ve learned, you recall and retrieve the information from your brain.

Let me tell you this: You’re born to have an excellent memory!

Yes, it's true! Stage memory performers might have amazed you with their awesome ability to remember long lists of objects. However, with enough practice and effort, you can have a memory as good. In fact, there is no such thing as a good or bad memory. However, there is a difference between a trained and an untrained memory. If you’ve mastered the correct keys to tap your natural memory, you can be as good too, through vigorous training. Even if you do not have the time needed to develop a quality of memory as powerful as the performers, many of the techniques taught here are useful in everyday life. I shall now prove that your memory can work too.

Let’s say you want to memorize the planets of the Solar System. The nine planets in order from the sun are: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto.

In this exercise, you’re going to memorize the planets using the Link System and imagination to create a memorable story.

Imagine that you’re in a Physics laboratory. The experiment you’re doing is to measure temperatures using a MERCURY thermometer. See it clearly, hold it in your hands and feel it vividly.

Your professor is a stern old man. However, today he is very nice to the class. Why? It’s because VENUS Williams, the American super female tennis star player, is in the class! Look around and confirm the young and beautiful player sitting in front. See her smiling as real as possible.

The professor is clearly mesmerized by the star player. Watch him drool and ogle at her. Hear him proclaim loudly and emotionally that “there’s no other prettier female on EARTH !”

You can’t tolerate it anymore. You’re here to learn Physics! Feel the anger surge through you body as you ran up to him and stuff a MARS choc bar into his mouth!

But his mouth is so big, the choc bar is not enough to silence the professor! Instead, you summon all your voice and shout TO PETER (JUPITER), your best friend, to help you.

You can’t believe it! The tennis player hooks even your best friend Peter. You thought as if SATAN (SATURN) has controlled everyone in your class. Feel the horror in your mind. (You must feel it)

Yes! You have thought of an idea to overcome the devil. Feel the triumph as you retrieve some toxic URANIUM (URANUS) and hurl it forcefully at the professor. It’s radioactive stuff, you remind yourself victoriously.

Suddenly, the world becomes pitch-dark. You are frightened by the sudden change. Feel the fear in yourself. Then, you hear a NET TUNE (NEPTUNE). Really hear the sweet and melodious tune around you. What’s happening?

Then, a Walt Disney dog by the name of PLUTO bounced towards you, barking merrily. You know what’s going on – you must have been daydreaming!

Re-run this fantasy in your mind. Then, write down the 9 planets in order from the sun. It should be easier to remember the 9 planets than forget them, isn't it? Convinced that your natural memory is excellent?

What you've just used is the Link System, one of the many memory systems around, and plenty of memory techniques to help you store, recall and retrieve the correct order of the nine planets from your brain. In particular, you have used imagination, movement, association, absurdity and humor, and emotions to aid you in memorizing the information.

You should be convinced by now that you do have an infinite memory that is still vastly untapped. To make your memory power work for you, you should "train" your memory: learn more about how memory works, the various memory techniques, the memory systems, and apply whatever you learn to your daily life in memorizing all sorts of information. Remember, you can have a super memory, too!

What if you finished reading this article and remembered every detail of it for the rest of your life? That’s the problem people with super-autobiographical memory face—and yes, it’s often referred to as a problem, not a gift. Their minds are like a computer hard drive that retains everything: dates, middle names, license plate numbers, even what they eat for lunch on a daily basis There are only four confirmed super memory cases, a disorder experts say is somewhat related to OCD, though no doubt there are plenty others who haven’t been identified yet.

So who are the four individuals who’ve all recently been the subject of a study at the Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory at the University of California, Irvine.? Let’s meet them and find out…



1. Bob Petrella
A Los Angeles based producer for the Tennis Channel, Bob Petrella may remember every number in his cell phone, but it’s his ability to recall sporting events that’s most remarkable. Give him a date, like March 30, 1981, and he could tell you not only that it was the day Reagan was shot, but also that Indiana beat North Carolina for the NCAA championship that evening. Even more impressive: when it comes to the Pittsburgh Steelers, his favorite team, you can show him a single freeze frame from most any game that he’s seen, and he can tell you not only the date of the game, but the final score.

According to a piece on ABC news, Patrella “remembers all but two of his birthdays since he turned 5. He recalls where he was and what he did with high school buddies. Grainy images of the 1970s are vivid pictures in his head. ‘I remember all my ATM codes,’ he said. ‘I remember people’s numbers. [I] lost my cell phone Sept. 24, 2006. A lot of people, if they lost their cell phone, they would panic because they have all these numbers. I didn’t have any numbers in my cell phone because I know everybody’s numbers up here [in my head].’

2. Jill Price
Probably the best known of the four, Jill Price has described her ‘gift’ as “nonstop, uncontrollable and totally exhausting.” She was the first to be diagnosed with the condition, and recently published a memoir, The Woman Who Can’t Forget. Price remembers most details of nearly every day she’s been alive since she was 14 and compares her super memory to walking around with a video camera on her shoulder. “If you throw a date out at me, it’s as if I pulled a videotape out, put in a VCR and just watched the day,” she has said.

Like Bob Petrella, Price calls California home, though working as an assistant at a Jewish religious day-school, she’s about as far from Hollywood as you can get. And although people she meets at parties are impressed with her ability to remember everything from the date of the Lockerbie plane crash (December 21, 1988) to the last episode of Dallas, (May 3, 1991), in her memoir, she describes super memory as a nuisance, partly because she can’t seem to forget painful events, like when someone she was crushing on rejected her.

3. Brad Williams
For every Jill Price, there’s a Brad Williams, a Wisconsin radio anchor who embraces his super memory and enjoys having it tested. Ask him what happened on November 7, 1991, and he’ll tell you that it was the day Magic Johnson announced he was HIV positive. But Williams does not stop there. “It was a Thursday,” he once said in an MSNBC piece. “There was a big snowstorm here the week before.”

Unlike Bob Petrella, Williams has a tough time with sports, but excels at pop-culture trivia. For instance, he could name you every Academy Award winner and even nailed all five questions in the category “1984 Movies” when he appeared on Jeopardy! in 1990.

Although the folk at the Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory at the University of California, Irvine don’t agree, Williams says he never saw his ability as anything out of the ordinary. “Growing up, I never really had reason to think I wasn’t like everyone else,” he has said. A feature-length doc on his life, titled Unforgettable, is presently in production.

If you’re interested in the subject, remember to check it out once it hits theaters.

4. Rick Baron
A Cleveland native, Rick Baron came out and announced his super ability directly to USA Today, after reading a piece the newspaper published on Jill Price. Unlike Price, Baron uses his super memory to win stuff. Although unemployed, he’s extremely resourceful and is constantly entering, and winning trivia contests. His list of rewards include restaurant gift cards, tickets to sporting events, even all expense paid vacations (Baron has won 14 of them). Baron claims to remember every detail of his life since the age of 11, and is usually pretty successful at remembering the day-to-day going all the way back to when he was seven.

According to the USA Today piece on Baron, his sister claims he shows signs of hardcore OCD. “He organizes and catalogs everything. He even keeps his bills in order of the city of the federal reserve bank where they were issued and also by how the sports teams in that city did.”

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